The aim of this paper is to analyze the phenomenon of child abandonment, to give its definition and to consider its causes. Drawing on statistical data, the author demonstrates the extent of this social phenomenon. The author uses the term “social parenthood” to define the acquired nature of parenthood and looks at the approaches to the definition of the phenomenon of parenthood. The article concludes by arguing that it is necessary to set up social expertise services for families in difficult circumstances, to introduce a "social policy" and to ensure post-school adaptation of those who leave orphanages with a view to gradually reduce the number of social orphans.
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